Atenolol

Lee A. Fleisher, MD, FACC, fa ha

• Roberts D. Dripps Professor and Chair of Anesthesiology
• Professor of Medicine
• University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine
• Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

For information concerning these registration options arterial thrombosis cheap atenolol 100 mg with mastercard, see Chapter 1100 (Registration for Multiple Works) arteria hepatica order atenolol 50 mg with visa. Copyright Office it is important to identify the specific version of the work(s) that will be included in the claim prehypertension myth order atenolol 100 mg otc. As a general rule blood pressure medication gout sufferers purchase atenolol 50 mg free shipping, each version of a work may be registered as a separate work if the version contains a sufficient amount of new, copyrightable authorship. A registration for a specific version of a work covers the new material that the author contributed to that version, including any copyrightable changes, revisions, additions, or other modifications that the author contributed to that version. Therefore, if the version contains an appreciable amount of content that has been previously published and/or previously registered, the applicant should exclude that material from the claim. When Sam submits an application to register the latest version of the site he limits the claim to the "new text and photographs" that he added to the site, and he excludes the photographs and text that were previously registered with the Copyright Office. For information concerning the procedure for excluding unclaimable material, see Section 1009. For a general discussion of issues involving the registration of different versions of a work, see Chapter 500, Section 512. For guidance in determining whether website content is published or unpublished, see Section 1008. If the content contains copyrightable material that was published before that date, the applicant must exclude that previously published material from the claim. When preparing an application to register content that appears on a published website, the applicant should do the following: Identify the content that the applicant intends to register. Prepare an appropriate deposit containing a complete copy of the content in the form in which it was first published. The date of first publication specified in the application must be limited to a single date, and a registration for published website content only covers the content that was first published on that date. Therefore, the deposit should contain a copy of the content as it existed on the date of publication that is specified in the application. If the publication date specified in the application is not the same as the publication date for the content reflected in the deposit, the registration specialist will communicate with the applicant, which will delay the examination of the claim. If an author or copyright owner determines that a website has been published, that party is encouraged to preserve and maintain a copy of the website as it existed on each day that copyrightable authorship is added or incorporated into the website. This will ensure that a proper deposit may be prepared and submitted to the Office in the event that the author, the copyright owner, or other authorized party decides to register the website or the content contained therein. It also may provide critical evidence in the event there is an infringement dispute involving that content. If the applicant determines that a website has been published, it may be beneficial to register the initial version of the content that appeared on the site on the date that the site was first published. If the applicant subsequently submits an application to register subsequent versions of the website, the registration will cover the new or revised material that was first published on the date specified in the subsequent application. As a general rule, the applicant should submit a separate application for each separately published update or revision to the website that the applicant wishes to register. If this is impracticable, the applicant may decide to seek one or more strategic registrations that cover the published content that is most valuable to the claimant. If so, the applicant may register all of the copyrightable material that appears on the website as of the date that the application is submitted, provided that the material (i) is reflected in the deposit, (ii) is owned by the claimant named in the application, and (iii) has not been previously published or previously registered with the Office. If the website contains an appreciable amount of previously published, previously registered material, or material that is owned by a third party, the applicant must exclude that material from the claim. If copyrightable material is subsequently added to the website, the applicant may seek a new registration for the new or revised material when the claimant determines that further protection is desirable. In some cases, it may be possible to register a number of unpublished works with one application using the group registration option described in Chapter 1100, Section 1106. It also may be possible to register a website as an unpublished collective work, provided that the site contains a sufficiently creative selection, coordination, and/or arrangement of content. It is possible to register vast amounts of material that appear together on a website with one application if the content qualifies as a compilation, a collective work, or contribution to a collective work.

If any component part bears its own separate copyright notice a separate renewal claim must be filed for the component part hypertension united states purchase 50 mg atenolol overnight delivery. When a multimedia work was first published with a general copyright notice for the work as a whole blood pressure wiki atenolol 50 mg for sale, a single renewal claim may be filed for all component parts first published together as a self-contained unit arrhythmia headaches 100 mg atenolol order amex, provided the renewal copyrights in all of the material claimed vested in the same party on the same date arrhythmia types atenolol 100 mg line. If the work contains an audiovisual element the sounds may be "sound recording" or "sounds accompanying an audiovisual work, " depending on whether they are intended to be used in conjunction with the audiovisual component. If a multimedia work does not contain an audiovisual element, the sound component (if any) must bear the copyright notice for sound recordings. Sounds do not have to be physically integrated with the audiovisual work to be "sounds accompanying an audiovisual work. Works printed or produced in the United States by processes not covered by the manufacturing clause. Works in English, first published abroad with the statutory copyright notice, and with ad interim copyright secured, during the term of which copies were manufactured in the United States. Works that represent a subject located abroad and illustrate a scientific work or reproduce a work of art. Works published in works other than books (periodicals, dramas, musical compositions). If manufactured abroad, it could not be registered for full-term or ad interim copyright during the original term, and is not eligible for renewal registration. N O T E: Exceptions: A work by a foreign author who was domiciled in the United States at the time of manufacture and first publication abroad is not considered to be a work of foreign origin. If the work is partly in English and partly in a foreign language and it qualifies as a U. For situations when renewal registration may be possible for foreign works even when they were subject to 27 "Whether a. Exception: If a work was manufactured and published in the United States with the statutory copyright notice prior to the expiration of ad interim copyright, but the U. If a book was first printed from type set abroad and the pages printed abroad were then reproduced in the United States by offset or other lithographic process, such reproduction may be considered to comply fully with the requirement. All illustrations and photographs within such works, as well as separate lithographs or photoengravings (aside from when the subjects represented are located abroad and illustrate a scientific work or reproduce an artistic work) reproduced by lithographic or photoengraving processes had to be wholly manufactured in the United States. If a published collection was partially manufactured in the United States (including the binding, if any) renewal registration may be possible for the contributions manufactured in the United States. An applicant may file a renewal claim for the entire collection, even if it includes works by different authors. Alternatively, an applicant may submit separate renewal claims for each work within the collection if the original registration record includes the titles of each work. When some works are owned separately for the renewal term, separate renewal claims should be filed to clarify the author and owner information for the renewal term. The extent of a renewal claim in a published collection29 as a whole depends on the statutory basis of the renewal claim. Generally, when the published collection is a personal work the renewal claim cannot extend beyond the authorship contributed by the individual author, regardless of the extent of the original registration record. Likewise, when the renewal copyright is claimed on the basis that the work is a posthumous work, a work made for hire, or a work copyrighted by a corporate body other than as an assignee or licensee, the renewal works could be registered together for the original term as an unpublished collection when all of the following conditions were met: the collection was assembled in an orderly arrangement; the collection bore a single title identifying the collection as a whole; the collection as a whole is the subject of a single claim of copyright; All of the component works are by the same author, or (if the component works are by different authors) the collection as a whole represents the work of a single author in its compilation; and the component works are all of the same class, or the component works are principally of the class in which the collection is to be registered. In addition, this term has been generally used for renewal registration purposes to describe published works in which an individual author may claim the renewal copyright in a contribution separate from the collection as a whole, as in a "contribution to a collective work. Copyright Practices, Third Edition uses the term "published collection" to refer to published works that are collective, rather than unitary, in nature. Generally, when the published collection is a composite work, the renewal claim may extend to the entire work. Copyright Office may request examining material or additional information to determine whether the extent and the statutory basis of the renewal claim are appropriate. Exception: When the contributions first published in a collection bear separate copyright notices, renewal registration for the published collection does not extend to the contributions, regardless of the statutory basis of the renewal claim, and even when the renewal copyrights in the contributions and the published collection as a whole vested in the same party on the same date. In such cases, renewal registration for the collection should be limited to the compilation or editorial authorship.

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If that was not bad enough blood pressure 3020 atenolol 100 mg buy without a prescription, a significant drought in the early 1980s spelled disaster for many small farmers in the southern Altiplano region of Bolivia hypertension at 60 buy generic atenolol 100 mg on-line. As a result of these overlapping and amplifying obstacles arrhythmia heart disease atenolol 100 mg purchase with mastercard, many people moved to 1) cities blood pressure journal 100 mg atenolol fast delivery, like La Paz; 2) nearby countries, like Chile, and even 3) to Europe. Although migration to the city can provide benefits like access to education, infrastructure, and wage-labor, it can also result in a loss of identity and many peasants who migrate into cities are forced to subsist on the margins in substandard conditions, especially as they most often arrive without the social and cultural capital necessary to succeed in this new environment. Although it is often assumed that rural peasants only produce food for their own subsistence and for very local markets, this is not always the case. In some situations, peasants may bypass local markets entirely and export their commodities to places where they have more cultural capital, and hence financial value (see discussion of taste above). In the 1970s, the introduction of tractors to the region enabled farmers to cultivate quinoa in the lowlands in addition to the hillside terraces they had previously favored. In the 1980s, cooperative groups of farmers were able to find buyers in the Global North who were willing to import quinoa. These cooperatives researched the best ways to expand production and invested in machines to make the process more efficient. Now, quinoa is such a valuable commodity that many of those individuals who had previously abandoned the region are now returning to the Altiplano. Another serious issue raised by the reverse migration from the cities back to the Altiplano concerns environmental sustainability. It is easier to grow large quantities of quinoa in the flat lowlands than it is on the steep hillsides, but the lowland soil is much less conducive to its growth. The use of machinery has helped a great deal, but has also led to a decline in the use of llamas, which have a symbiotic relationship with quinoa. Farmers must now invest in fertilizer rather than using manure provided by their own animals. The global quinoa boom also raises questions about identity and communal decision-making. Conflict has arisen between families that stayed in the region and those that are returning from 51 the cities. Pedro, a farmer who stayed in the region, says of the others "those people have returned ­ but as strangers. So has the international demand for quinoa been a good thing for rural Bolivian peasants? Figure 5: Figure 5: Aymara couple Alicia and Julio harvest wheat on their land above Lake Titicaca in Southern Peru. Other subsistence crops they raised included quinoa, barley, and potatoes, but the global market pressures such subsistence farmers to grow more quinoa as a "cash" crop to capitalize on the world demand. Changes in How-and "Where"-We Conduct Research Globalization has changed not only what anthropologists research, but also how they approach those topics. Foregrounding the links between global processes and local settings, multi-sited ethnography examines specific topics and issues across different geographic field sites. For example, in her study of yoga, Positioning Yoga: Balancing Acts Across Cultures, Sarah Strauss (2005) found that her study would be incomplete if she focused only on Indians studying yoga. To understand this transnational phenomenon, she recognized the importance of also focusing on non-Indian practitioners of yoga who had gone to study yoga in its homeland. Such models include calls for an activity-based anthropology (where it is the activity itself that is the "site" of the culture and/or the basis of the community)55 and digital anthropology (where the field site exists online). Since 2011, over 250, 000 civilians have been killed by barrel bombs, shelling, internecine terrorist attacks, drone strikes, the use of chemical weapons, and Russian aerial assaults. Well-armed and well-funded Islamist militias control large swathes of the country and have, for all intents and purposes, erased the border between Syria and Iraq, thereby undoing the 1916 Sykes-Picot agreement that established the new nation-states of the modern Middle East after the fall of the Ottoman Empire. Since 2003, Syrian agriculture had been suffering from a prolonged drought, 57 pushing many rural families into urban centers such as Damascus and Aleppo. In 2015, the Svalbard Global Seed Vault (the "Doomsday Seed 58 Vault") in Norway was accessed for the first time to obtain seeds needed for crops to feed the Syrian population. Meanwhile, as any glance at the evening news demonstrates, millions of refugees continue to flow out of the country, mostly through the Syrian-Turkish border, before making dangerous trips in unsafe boats to Greece, hoping to get their families to Europe and away from the hell-scape that their country has become. Five years ago, no scholar of Syrian society and politics could have predicted the dire conditions Syria now faces. The scapes and flows of globalization enumerated by Appadurai were largely absent from Syria over the last 40 years. The hardline Baathist regime of Hafez al-Assad, who came to power in 1970 through a bloodless coup, was profoundly insular and not open to the world ­ whether regionally or internationally ­ in the realms of finance and commerce.

In the expressive form of developmental dysphasia blood pressure chart log excel 100 mg atenolol buy visa, children arteria revista generic 50 mg atenolol mastercard, although able generally to understand what is said to them arrhythmia young adults quality 50 mg atenolol, have a greater or lesser degree of difficulty in expressing their thoughts in speech (Sato and Dreifuss 1973) arrhythmia associates fairfax discount 100 mg atenolol amex. In severe cases vocabulary is restricted to simple words, and patients may be unable to speak in sentences. In milder cases, sentences may be possible, but are short, incomplete, and often telegraphic in form. In addition to these linguistic problems, these children often have other difficulties, including anxiety, emotional lability, and, especially in boys, aggressiveness and hyperactivity. Course Although some degree of improvement may gradually occur during adolescence, for the most part this is a chronic disorder. Etiology Developmental dysphasia is familial and linkage has been found to loci on chromosomes 13, 16, and 19 (Bartlett et al. Magnetic resonance imaging has demonstrated both a reversed asymmetry of linguistic cortex (De Fosse et al. Electroencephalogram studies have revealed an increased incidence of interictal epileptiform discharges (Nasr et al. One autopsy study demonstrated a dysplastic gyrus on the inferior surface of the left frontal cortex (Cohen et al. Overall, it appears probable that developmental dysphasia occurs secondary to a genetically mediated disruption of normal neuronal migration to the peri-sylvian cortex, resulting in gyriform or dysplastic abnormalities. It is not clear whether the interictal epileptiform discharges are merely epiphenomenal, reflecting an unexpressed epileptogenic potential of dysplastic cortex, or are perhaps indicative of an epileptic process that, at least theoretically, could disturb normal development or function of the linguistic cortex. Both autism and childhood-onset schizophrenia may be characterized by linguistic disturbances similar to those seen in the mixed form of developmental dysphasia; however, in these disorders other symptoms also occur. Acquired dysphasia may be seen with head trauma, encephalitis, tumors, and the Landau­Kleffner syndrome, and has also been reported as a side-effect of topiramate (Gross-Tsur and Shalev 2004). At present, there is no method whereby these children can be confidently distinguished from those whose development will eventually plateau at a lower than normal level, and consequently long-term clinical follow-up is required. Some practitioners recommend treatment with anti-epileptic drugs in cases with interictal epileptiform discharges; however, this is controversial and there are no controlled studies to support this practice. First described by Hinshelwood in 1896, this is a common disorder, seen in up to 4 percent of school age children. Although once thought to be far more common in boys, recent epidemiologic work suggests that the prevalence is roughly equal in boys and girls. Synonyms include reading disorder, specific reading disability, and congenital word blindness (Orton 1925). Differential diagnosis Deafness may simulate developmental dysphasia, and all children in whom this diagnosis is considered should have audiometry. Severe deprivation may stunt language development; however, these children, in contrast to those with dysphasia, typically show rapid gains when placed in a linguistically stimulating environment. Clinical features Depending on its severity, developmental dyslexia may first come to light anywhere between the ages of 6 and 9 years as the child falls behind his or her peers in the acquisition of reading skills. In attempting to read out loud, these young patients seem to stumble over certain words: they may skip words and go on to the next, or they may misread a word and say one that p 09. Reading comprehension is impaired and, after finally, and haltingly, reading a paragraph, the child may be unable to paraphrase it in his or her own words. In striking contrast, if the same paragraph is read out loud to the child, he or she may then be able to paraphrase it with little difficulty. In some cases entire sentences may be reversed, with the written words reading from right to left on the page. Mental retardation is characterized by deficient reading, but here, in contrast to developmental dyslexia, one finds deficits in other academic skills. This is probably an uncommon disorder, and is probably more common in boys than girls. Course Although there may be some spontaneous improvement over long periods of time, the overall natural course is marked by a chronic difficulty in reading. Penmanship may or may not be poor; at times the penmanship far outshines what is actually written. Importantly, and in stark contrast to what they write, these children are often able to express themselves quite well when speaking. Etiology Developmental dyslexia is clearly familial; concordance among dizygotic twins is about 25 percent, and among monozygotic twins it rises to about 50 percent.

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